The Functional Safety process is focused on identifying functional failure conditions leading to hazards. Functional Hazard Analyses / Assessments are central to determining hazards. FHA is performed early in aircraft design, first as an Aircraft Functional Hazard Analysis (AFHA) and then as a System Functional Hazard Analysis (SFHA). Using qualitative assessment, aircraft functions and subsequently aircraft system functions are systematically analyzed for failure conditions, and each failure condition is assigned a hazard classification. Hazard classifications are closely related to Development Assurance Levels (DALs) and are aligned between ARP4761 and related aviation safety documents such as ARP4754A, 14 CFR 25.1309, and Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) standards DO-254 and DO-178B.
Aviation safety is ensured by a large ecosystem of different regulations, one of which is the ARP4761A Guidelines and Methods for Conducting The Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment, a 300-page book authored by SAE international and published in December 1996. In essence, it describes guidelines and methods for assessing the safety level of an aircraft in order to certify it. Read on to learn more about what this document contains and why it represents a fundamental pillar for safety assessment in the aviation industry.
Arp 4761 Pdf
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The ARP4761A Guidelines and Methods for Conducting The Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment is a 300-page book that was authored by SAE international and published in December 1996. It describes guidelines and methods for assessing the safety level of an aircraft to certify it. On top of that, it also forms part of the Aerospace Recommended Practice, a comprehensive collection of regulations whose aim is to support the secure development of civil aircraft and systems.
ARP4761A is deemed by industry officials to be much more than a mere guideline for aircraft safety. While it provides a tutorial on aircraft safety, it also outlines instructions for applying theoretical concepts to different development activities in the aircraft development process. In other words, it provides the essential foundation for the safety assessment process for the avionics industry, which other regulations have since built upon.
Sounds simple enough, right? Well, not exactly. Some people have the understandable misconception that the purpose of this safety assessment is to completely eliminate the risk of hazards, however, this is just not possible with complex avionics systems. ARP4761A takes a more realistic approach which still ensures optimum levels of security. It uses the following tenets to discover and measure hazards and risk:
Integrating new functions into the aircraft can, for example, increase performance or reduce fuel consumption. Since the installation of such additional functions increases the overall aircraft complexity, it is crucial to adapt methods and tools that support the development and ensure traceability, consistency, and verifiability. In this context, model-based systems engineering and the associated Systems Modeling Language (SysML) have been established as a standard methodology. This paper presents an overview of a system development and modeling process with SysML at the concept design stage using a position-variable shock control bumps system as an example. In addition to the system modeling, safety and reliability analyses have to be considered during the design process. To keep both, the model and the associated safety assessment consistent, this work introduces an extension of SysML to enable the execution of a functional hazard assessment (FHA) according to the ARP4754A and ARP 4761 guidelines. This is the first step in conducting a model-based safety assessment. Furthermore, a modeling process with concepts management methods is performed. In summary, the presented modeling process consists of three main parts: the system modeling, functional hazard assessment and concept management.
This paper describes an integrated approach to the conceptual design of an aircraft system, introducing the design method and a way to consider concept variants. Existing methods are presented, adapted, and combined into an overall approach. The main focus of the work is the development of the system within one integrated model-based process. For this purpose, an FHA profile in SysML was furthermore developed. The profile is based on the methods from ARP4761 and ARP4754A. This profile can close the gap between system engineering and the RAAML profile, enabling continuous system engineering and safety analysis within SysML. In addition, some tool-specific features were integrated to facilitate the work with the profile. The approach is demonstrated by a use case study on a shock control bump system. 2ff7e9595c
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